Analysis Pieces should normally not exceed 4,000 words. A downloadable version of this OSCOLA style guide, with some extra details, Details for citing international law sources. You may also have to include a list of tables of cases, legislation and other primary sources at the start of your essay, and a bibliography of second sources at the end. Dimas S, EU Environment Commissioner, 'Improving Environmental Quality through Carbon Trading' (Speech at the Carbon Expo Conference, Kln, 2 May 2007) accessed 29 May 2011. The only Latin term that is acceptable to use within the OSCOLA style is ibid, for the instances when you are referring to the same source in consecutive footnotes. A hyphen - should be used as a word separator (e.g. Article to art.; articles to arts., Paragraph to para.; paragraphs to paras., Schedule to sch.; schedules to schs., Regulation to reg.; regulations to regs., Regulation (EU) 2016/679 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 27 April 2016 on the protection of natural persons with regard to the processing of personal data and on the free movement of such data, and repealing Directive 95/46/EC (General Data Protection Regulation) (hereinafter GDPR), Mireille Hildebrandt, Law as an Affordance: The Devil is in the Vanishing Point(s) (2017) 4(1), Langdon Winner, Do Artifacts Have Politics?(1980). The Oxford Standard for Citation of Legal Authorities (OSCOLA) was developed at Oxford University, andis widely used by law schools and publishers to acknowledge source information. X argues that Y.1 NOT X argues that Y1.). Book Reviews should not normally exceed 2,000 words. You write HC Bill or HL Bill depending upon which house it is, and bill numbers for Commons bills appear in square brackets. Ibid., in italics, should be used for consecutive citations. Author, Article Title [Year] or (Year) Volume number Journal name Page number. Normann Witzleb and others No author Do not italicise case names. 1. As with bills, write HC for the House of Commons and HL for the House of Lords. (See our abbreviations section below for further guidance). Along with an overview of referencing, our authors share their thoughts on why referencing is used in academic writing. You should cite the authors name first, followed by a comma, and then the title of the book in italics. If you wish to refer to someone speaking during the programme, follow this format: Cite the name of the speaker (if a direct quote), the title of the programme, the radio station and the date of the programme. Pinpoints such as volumes and page numbers come after the publication information. If you find you have to use secondary referencing, in the footnote cite the source you have read, followed by citing For example: In the bibliography insert only the source you have read. See3.4.10 OSCOLA 4th ed. When referencing a source that is online other than a journal or book, cite the name of the author (or institution), followed by the title of the webpage. Quotes in a foreign language should normally appear in English translation, but the original text may also be reproduced if it is necessary that the text be examined closely. The targeted compounds are widely studied nanotubes attaining exquisite nanostructures due to their distinguishable properties attaining numeric values. If there is no obvious author/speaker, begin the citation with the title of the programme. . Edward Dove, Jiahong Chen, and Laurence Diver). endstream endobj 637 0 obj <>/Metadata 30 0 R/Pages 634 0 R/StructTreeRoot 111 0 R/Type/Catalog>> endobj 638 0 obj <>/MediaBox[0 0 596.04 842.04]/Parent 634 0 R/Resources<>/Font<>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text/ImageB/ImageC/ImageI]>>/Rotate 0/StructParents 0/Tabs/S/Type/Page>> endobj 639 0 obj <>stream Where there are multiple parties in cases, you should name only the first claimant and the first defendant. The bibliographyat the end of the document includes the full details of each source so the reader can find them themselves. If neither of these is the case, use J for judge, e.g. Croft J, Supreme Court Warns on Quality Financial Times (London, 1 July 2010). In it, you assign each citation a footnote that duplicates the reference at the end of the paper almost precisely, with some exceptions such as using a specific page number. Don't worry, you can come back and edit the reference if you need to correct or add any information. Alison L Young, 'In Defense of Due Deference' (2009) 72 MLR 554. T2p210g0r`>Pj%mei P *VBQ@\37U0wt0TtVtw4dw4"v0;*:Hp,PZ=Hs1~13pa` 1``R @A I^x(3p)CT1r u0Yy In the Young example, 72 is the volume number. If the case name is included in the text, omit it in the footnote. Alison L Young, 'In Defence of Due Deference' (2009) 72 MLR 554. No comma should appear between the word Act and the year. Graham Greenleaf, The Global Development of Free Access to Legal Information (2010) 1(1) EJLT accessed 27 July 2010. https://libguides.ials.sas.ac.uk/referencing, Practical tips on using library resources. When citing an interview you conducted yourself, give the name, position and institution (as relevant) of the interviewee, and the location and full date of the interview. List legislation, cases and secondary sources in separate sections of your bibliography in alphabetical order. Examples of in-text citations and reference list entries for other source types. The studied nanotubes are carbon, naphthalene . The information to include depends on the types of source - see the examples. Repeating citations short forms and ibid, https://libguides.northampton.ac.uk/oscolaguide. In the bibliography list all of the authors. Revised manuscript submissions received by the Managing Editor may be returned to Referees or may be assessed solely by the Managing Editor (having reference to the review and recommendations by the Referees). [2] For example, if you used a book as a source that was written by Harry Potter and Luna Lovegood, your Works Cited entry would start "Potter, Harry." In the House of Commons, written answers are indicated by the suffix W after the column number; in the House of Lords, they are indicated by the prefix WA before the column number. Articles, Analysis Pieces, Case/Legislation Comments and Conference Reports should be written using our Article template. Capitalise the first letter of each major word of the title. For example. Please also consult the Oxford English Dictionary (OED) for correct spellings. For example. You must insert an 'and' before the last author's name, European Court of Human Rights (ECtHR) cases. If no neutral citation exists, as with cases before 2002, you can just begin with the report. When you make a reference to a judge in a case, use the judges surname followed by the conventional abbreviation identifying their judicial office. The tables and bibliography appear at the end of your text. You do not need to include any information about Westlaw or Lexis Library in your citations, as this is just the portal through which you accessed the report, legislation or article. OSCOLA was first devised in 2000 by Regius Professor Peter Birks, with the aim of reducing the "woeful waste of scholarly time caused by the absence of a national standard for citation . If online journals lack some of the publication elements for OSCOLA, follow the citation advice of the online journal. You remember that in all those pages of research, you forgot to reference the sources you used. (Oxford: OUP, 2018)). If you have included the case name in the text, you do not have to include the case names in the footnote: You can see that the Bill is cited by its title, the House in which it originated (here, House of Commons), and with the parliamentary session in brackets (here, 2008-09). Full citation (including footnote number for illustration) 3 John Knowles, Effective Legal Research (4 th edn, Sweet & Maxwell 2016) 33.. Authors' surname and cross-citation to footnote number 3. Follow this with the title of the website and the date of publication in brackets, if available. For specific references, include a comma, followed by p. and the page number. Even if youre still at school, learning how to reference now means you wont get caught out at university. With online journals that have been published electronically, give publication details the same way you would for hard copy journal articles. 6. For an Authored Book (i) By a single author: Name of the Author, | Title of the Book | If there are more than three authors, cite the first author followed by and others. In the Bibliographythe surname is provided first, followed by the initial of the first name: If there are up to three authors, cite all the authors: Author 1, Author 2 and Author 3. e.g. Title: Referencing using OSCOLA Author: Fennell, Graham Created Date: Do notuse italics for text in the footnote unless it is a Latin abbreviation or a reference to a case or book requiring italics (e.g. See3.4.11 OSCOLA 4th edn for more details. That means that you add small, superscript numbers (for example, 1,2,3) to the sources in your text, which connect to footnotes at the bottom of your page. Authors are responsible for ensuring that necessary amendments are carried out in light of Referee recommendations. [Accessed 10 June 2013]. In most cases journal titles have both a volume number and a year so round brackets will normally be used. You should cite all publications with an ISBN as if they were books, whether you read them online or in hard copy. zR=S7nm9LjQtl3osesk'$CY'o/.Tk1wl^+WO]d6zAv#%uS59?\+M=ow3NI1jHNuG*E. x$G'Fe#{gEq&**p[wSRgG=ar\. Use the short title and refer to specific sections of the Act eg. H4;@ $7 If you study Law at university, youll use the OSCOLA referencing system. 1. Act title Year, s Section number(Subsection number)(Paragraph number). Author, 'Web page title' (Website in Italics, Full Date) accessed Date. Online harms and Carolines Law whats the direction for the law reform? Authors are invited to make submissions in any language, though consideration of them is subject to the Editorial Boards ability to locate an appropriate peer-reviewer in the subject language. A submission will only be considered where the author warrants that their manuscript has not already been published or offered for publication elsewhere in whole, in part, or in substance (including on publicly accessible websites, such as SSRN). document.getElementById( "ak_js_1" ).setAttribute( "value", ( new Date() ).getTime() ); Oxford Royale Academy is a part of Oxford Programs Limited, a company registered in England as company number 6045196, registered office at 264 Banbury Road, Oxford, OX2 7DY. See3.2.3 OSCOLA 4th edn for more details. Sidaway v Board of Governors of the Bethlem Royal Hospital, [1984] 1 All ER 1018 (CA) (hereinafterSidaway). Page references should use the abbreviations p. or pp., adopting the following style: Supran. 24, p. 3. Abbe Brown et al.). If the next citation is to the same source, simply put ibid, with a new pinpoint if necessary. Ibid., p. 25). Bibliography: Omit reference to specific page numbers (other than the first page of the article) in your bibliographic entry. Use ch. when referring to a chapter and vol. for a volume. John Smith). For forthcoming articles, please include the title of the publication and (forthcoming), e.g. OSCOLA stands for the Oxford Standard for the Citation of Legal Authorities. The first time a statute is cited its full title should be used, together with the calendar year. Cite as a book but exclude author or editor and publisher. Rowan Cruft, Title of Book Review (2011) Law & Philosophy 637. (2008) 71 MRL 413 accessed 15 Jan 2014. 39(4), pp.652-669. For judgements of the European Court of Human Rights, you should cite either the offical reports, the Reports of Judgements and Decisions (ECHR) or the European Human Rights Reports (EHRR). Mike Molan, Duncan Bloy and Denis Lanser. If you source a publication online which is also available in hard copy, cite the hard copy version. The terms op cit andidemshould not be used. author, | title | [year] | journal name or abbreviation | first page of article,| specific page referred to, author, | title | (year) | volume | journal name or abbreviation | first page of article. when there is no volume number). For example: Another alternative, particularly if the podcast is quite long, would be to provide the minutes and seconds of the excerpt: Author, 'Title' (additional information, publisher year), Footnote: Do not use other terms such as supra, op cit, loc cit. 27. ibid 271-78. British Medical Journal podcast, 'Insanity in the Dock' (20 July 2012) 10:30-11:15 accessed 15 April 2014. List the edition (abbreviated to edn) when it is stated on the title page. Book Reviews should be written using our Book Review template. Give the full citation the first time you reference it. concept X, not concept X). We will not accept submissions under consideration at other journals. ), For more detailed information see OSCOLA 1.2.2. Rose v Melanson (2005), 194 OAC 186 (Ont CA). At the same time, OSCOLA allows citing sources not included in the manual while adhering to the general principles set out . Ensure that all punctuation is within the quotes (e.g. Internet may be capitalised, or not, at the authors discretion. 26 Knowles (n 3) 120.. Use the following format to cite cases. Recap: Example for Journal Articles. Copyright 2003 - 2023 - LawTeacher is a trading name of Business Bliss Consultants FZE, a company registered in United Arab Emirates. The format in which you present this information varies according to the type of source; examples are presented in the following section. 1 1. For example, Johnston v Ireland (1986) Series A no 122. For example: Tom Bingham, The Rule of Law (Alan Lane 2010). HC Deb 5 February 2020, vol 671, col 300. Hansard is the official transcript of parliamentary debates in the UK. The Chancellor of the High Court should be abbreviated as Sir John Brown C, and Presidents of the Queens Bench Division and Family Division as Sir Brown P. These remarks made by the Director of company X indicate that). Oscola by Donal Nolan (Editor); Sandra Meredith (Editor); Faculty of Law, University of Oxford Staff Call Number: D 340.074 OSC ISBN: 9781849463676 Publication Date: 2012-04-26 Examples of citing sources using OSCOLA These are some examples of how you might cite some common legal materials using OSCOLA. If the newspaper is divided into sections, and the page numbering begins afresh in each section, put the section name in roman before the page number, with a space but no comma between the two. For example: Protocol to the Agreement on the Member States that do not fully apply to the Schengen acquis Join Declarations [2007] OJ Li129/35. A longer dash is used to separate a sentence from a side remark (e.g. It also indicates that a report of the judgement can be found in volume 1 of the series of the Law Reports called the Appeal Cases, beginning at page 884. For example: You do not need to footnote an Act if you make it identifiable in the text. His Lordship opined thatthe pursuers case failed.. To cite a print journaluse the following format: Author, title [year] journal name or abbreviation first page of article, Author, title (year) volume journal name or abbreviation first page of article. Only do this if paragraph numbers are explicitly used in the text. In general only include the web address when the document is only available online, when the web address ia especiallyhelpful for finding the document and when the web address is static (eg. For more detailed information, see OSCOLA Appendix 4.2. Subsequent citations use only the surname, The full title of the article within double quotation marks () and capitalisation of all primary words, The year of publication in round brackets (unless there is no volume number), The volume number in Arabic numerals followed by the issue number in brackets (see examples below), The full name of the journal (in italics), The first and last page of the article (without pp.), If a more specific page reference is being given, the page number(s) (including p. or pp.). Legal sources such as cases and statues may be cited, along with secondary sources, for example, books and journals. 1. Canada (Human Rights Commission) v Canadian Airlines International Ltd, [2006] 1 SCR 3. Preferred journal abbreviations can be checked on the. Alison L Young, In Defence of Due Deference (2009) 72 MLR 554. See OSCOLA 4th edn 3.4.8 for more details. To pinpoint, simply include a page number at the end of your reference, in addition to any page numbers already included. In the bibliography, list bills in alphabetical order under the heading Secondary Sources. Usesingle quotation marksand include within the text. JAG Griffith, 'The Common Law and the Political Constitution' (2001) 117 LQR 42, 64. There are three series of Hansard, one reporting debates on the floor of the House of Commons, one debates in the House of Lords, and one debates in the Public Bill committees of the House of Commons, which replaced standing committees in 2007. Note that OSCOLA recommends abbreviating Oxford University Press to OUP; this is not the case with other publishers. accessed 17 November 2014. You should give the name of the case in full when you first mention it in the text or footnotes. followed by their initials, page numbers are not included and there is no full stop at the end of the reference. Refence case notes with titles as if they were journal articles. Once approved by the author, the manuscript will be treated by SCRIPTed as final and ready for publication. Generally, footnotes should be used for citationof sources, rather than for additional text. use cannot, not cant; do not, not dont, etc). Use HL for the House of Lords, CA for the Court of Appeal, QB, CH and F for the division of the High Court, and Com Ct for the Commercial Court within the Queens Bench Division. Knowing how to cite sources for assignments is a hugely important skill. ); and (5) success of synthesis between areas for those submissions purporting to be interdisciplinary. Secondary sources explain, analyse, critique and discuss the law. . use the following format for the footnote: Information to include: OSCOLA is a footnote referencing style. For older statutes, you can give the regnal year and chapter number. If a footnote references more than one work by the same author or authors, or refers to a prior footnote containing more than one work, please cite the surname(s) of the author(s), a shortened title of the work being cited, and the footnote where it first appears, e.g. A House of Lords judge (or Law Lord) is called Lord Brown or Lady Brown, depending on gender. OSCOLA abbreviates a wide range of legal sources and institutions. Where English is used, please comply with British English (see Spelling below). You must enter the date that you accessed the article. For articles with four or more authors, use the first name and surname of the first author followed by et al. which is not italicised (e.g. A Quick Guide to OSCOLA Referencing | Rules & Examples. You should refer to the year the Act was passed rather than the year it came into force. The standard requires providing the authors' names in full in references and in the reverse form with initials in footnotes. In the bibliography, list Command Papers alphabetically by author in Secondary Sources. There are also a number of other specific rules. If a book hasmore than three authors,include and othersafter the name of the first author. The authors forename and surname with no full stops; The number of the edition (abbreviated ed., e.g. See theOSCOLA guidesand our Referencing with Confidence OSCOLA Guide for more details. For articles with multiple authors, use the first name and surname for up to three authors, separated by an (Oxford) comma and "and . Use col or cols for column(s). Traditional multispectral detectors usually consist of multiple monochromatic detectors or use filters to achieve specific wavelength detection. Laurie,Genetic Privacy,supra n. 24, p. 3 or Laurie and Dove, Consent and Anonymisation,supran. 25, pp. Scribbr. They should only be produced by means of the word processors automatic footnote function (with Arabic numerals, consecutively numbered). [Online]. For subsequent citation of secondary sources, you only need the authors surname. When you cite hard copy journal articles, give the authors name first, followed by a comma. Jane Croft, Supreme Court Warns on Quality Financial Times (London, 1 July 2010) 3. If you do shorten names this way, you should always choose the name which comes first in the full name of the case in this case Glebe Motors, rather than Dixon-Greene. Explanatory Notes to the Charities Act 2006, para 15. Up to three authors are included in a Harvard in-text citation. List Legislation and Cases separately in alphabetical order in the bibliography. Enter the DOI of the journal you wish to reference. A Quick Guide to OSCOLA Referencing | Rules & Examples. To indicate that words have been omitted from a quote, please use ellipses () without any spaces around them,e.g. If citation advice is provided by the online journal, follow it, removing full stops as necessary to comply with OSCOLA. If pinpointing specific paragraphs, place these in square brackets. For those where multiple volumes appear in one year, the year appears in square brackets. OR use s for Section in the middle of a sentence. Author (Initials & Surname ) Example Journal Reference: If the interview was conducted by someone else, the interviewers name should appear at the beginning of the citation. If you cant find a judgement in one of these general series you should refer to a specialist series of law reports such as the Family Law Reports. When referring to the first two series, cite the House abbreviation (HL or HC), followed by Deb, then the full date, the volume and the column. OSCOLA referencing guide (Online): Two or Three Authors Books with two or three authors Below you will find guidance and examples of how to set out a footnote reference to a book with two or three authors and in the bibliography. there is no volume number. This means referring to a source you have not read that you have found within another source that you are using. For example, here you would list Hansard, any books and journal articles cited, and other sources such as blogs, social media and newspapers. In round brackets, the city of publication, followed by a colon, the publisher, followed by a comma, and the year of publication (e.g. author, | title | [year] OR (year) | volume/issue | journal name or abbreviation | | date accessed. If you source an article online which is also available in hard copy, cite the hard copy version. OSCOLA Referencing Guide. 35-36. Paul Craig, 'Theory, "Pure Theory" and Values in Public Law' [2005] PL 440. Also consider elements of the style advice for websites and blogs (section 3.4.8). Dr Douglas Guilfoyle, The UN Convention on the Law of the Sea: Origins and Importance (14 August 2013) accessed 15 April 2014. Digitalisation and Intermediaries in the Music Industry: The Rise of the Entrepreneur? Re T (adult: refusal of medical treatment), [1992] 4 All ER 649 (CA). So articles from journals without independently numbered volumes should follow the format: author, | title | [year] | journal name or abbreviation | first page of article. Be sure that quotation marks are consistent (e.g. Note the different rules for annual case reports as compared with ongoing reports. If only available on the web, reference as follows: In the bibliography, list in Secondary Sources. After that, you can shorten it. Bibliography: El Gharras, H. 2009. For detailed https://script-ed.org?p=15. Do not use punctuation when using an abbreviation. 666 0 obj <>stream If you are yourself the author or recipient of the communication, say from author or to author as appropriate. Intellectual Property Law in Scotland). You do not need to use the Honourable. Journal articles Start with the article author (first name/initial then surname, multiple authors to be treated as per books), then the article title in single quotes. Anderson W and Weatherburn P, 'Treatment Information Needs of People Living with HIV' (Research report Nam Publications 1996). Treat case notes with titles as if they are journal articles. An example of a typical case citation without a neutral citation is: When the year is used to identify the law report volume, you should always put it in square brackets. It is a guide to legal citation developed by the Oxford Law Faculty and is an authoritative way to prepare legal citation in the UK academic world. Needless to say, the add For a case, cite in full the first time. If there is no clear author, give the organisation providing the source as the author. If referring to a different page in the same source, use Ibid., followed by a comma and the number of the relevant page (e.g. Dont use popular titles of Acts, for example, Lord Campbells Act. For example: Penalties for Disorderly Behaviour (Amendment of Minimum Age) Order 2004, SI 2004/3166. Where available, include the DOI and the URL of the original publication, including available at. A citation footnote appears whenever you quote from, paraphrase or otherwise refer to the content of a source in your text. Books - OSCOLA - LibGuides at Coventry University How to reference books One author Multiple authors Chapter in an edited book Books Author, Title of the Book (Edition, Publisher Year) Footnote Example 1 Steve Foster, How to Write Better Law Essays (4th edn, Pearson 2016). JAG Griffith, The Common Law and the Political Constitution (2001) 117 LQR 42, 64. List cases in the bibliography in alphabetic order of case names. Footnote: Include the person's position if relevant. The general principles for other secondary sources (OSCOLA 4th ed. Journal Article. The bibliography is the same format as the footnote except thatthe author is now listed surname firstfollowed by their initials, page numbers are not included and there is no full stop at the end of the reference. You should cite Regulations, Directives, Decisions, Recommendations and Opinions by giving the legislation type, number and title, followed by publication details in the OJ. Make sure that all original punctuation marks are within quotation marks. Journal of International Business Studies. In the footnote, the authors name should be provided exactly as it appears in the publication, omitting postnominals such as QC: (Note: sometimes only first name initials are provided on the publication so your footnote will reflect this e.g. 0 JAG Griffith, The Common Law and the Political Constitution (2001) 117 LQR 42, 64, 2. The Lord Chancellor (now no longer a judge) should be abbreviated as Lord Brown LC, the Lord Chief Justice as Lord Brown CJ, and the Master of the Rolls as 20 Lord Brown MR. There are a number of ways you can pinpoint specific details within publications, depending on what the publication is. For subsequent citation of cases, please cite the name of the first party only and the relevant paragraph, e.g. After the title, give the publication information in the following order: Enter in alphabetical order in the Secondary Sources. An OSCOLA (Oxford University Standard for Citation of Legal Authorities) citation for a journal article includes the author name (s), publication year, article title, journal name, volume and issue number, page range of the article, and a DOI (if available). Author (s) Enter the Surname and Initials for each Author of the Journal Author Surname * Author Firstname OR Initial (s) * Each source only needs to be listed once, even if you have referred to it multiple times. A footnote always ends with a full stop: To save space in OSCOLA citations, abbreviations are used for the names of various publications and legal bodies. If only youd done it in the first place! Communications (Isle of Man) Order 2020, SI 2020/149. Youve extracted the key research, peppered your content with incisive observations, and youve just typed the last words of your Law essay conclusion. twenty-four). Referees will recommend one of the following options: (1) accept outright for publication; (2) accept subject to minor modification; (3) accept subject to major modification; (4) reject outright. More than 3 authors For sources with multiple authors. Then give the title of the article within single quotation marks, and the publication information as follows: year of publication (in square brackets if it identifies the volume, in round brackets if there is a separate volume number).

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